Struma: A Romanian Tragedy

On December 12, 1941, a Greek boat with a Bulgarian captain (G. T. Gorbatenko) under a Panamanian flag left Constanza, Romania bound for Palestine. The 769 passengers on board the 180-ton Struma had paid an exorbitant price for passage on this boat. The ship Struma carried 769 Jews from Romania (both Sephardic and Ashkenazi) to British Palestine in 1942. It was stranded for ten weeks in Istanbul, because Britain didn't permit them to enter the Country. The British government steadfastly refused them visas to Palestine as illegal entrants of an enemy country (Romania). The local Turkish Jewish community helped feed the passengers during the 70 days that the ship remained in the port, prior to its untimely demise. The Struma was towed into the open sea and sunk by a soviet sub on February 24, 1942. Only one person survived - David Stoliar, who now lives in the United States.

Figure 1. Photograph of the Greek Ship Struma

Survivors

Brettschneider, Theodor Benjamin Frenck, David Frenck, Israel Frenck, Tiwia (wife) Ghefner, Emanuel Ludovic, Eduard Ludovic, Emanuel Salamovitz, Medea Segall (child) Segall, M. Segall, (wife) Stollar, David

Listing of all Jews Killed (Not necessarily all Sephardim)

Name	Age	Name	Age	Name	Age
Abramovici, Ghizela	29	Abramovici, Jean	30	Abramovici, Josef	33
Abranovici, Moise	32	Adania, Silvian	25	Adler, Gustav	38
Adler, Israel	19	Adler, Oswald	45	Adler, Tilia	37
Agar, Simon Zeilig	33	Aizic, David	22	Alcalay, Sara	39
Alter, Bentin	37	Alter, Betty	20	Alter, Estera	11
Alter, Jacob	05	Alter, Toni	35	Ambrovici,Latei	21
Antonier,Jacques	31	Antonier, Rodica	20	Apfelberg, H Salomon	31
Apotheker, Aron	44	Apotheker, Duca	38	Apotheker, Julius	17
Appel, Avram Alex	21	Appel, Emanuel	19	Appel, Feiga	41
Appel, Israel	52	Appel, Zoltan	16	Aranovici, Natalia	20
Aronescu, Mina	25	Aronovici, Lulu	30	Aronsescu, Seigfried	31
Aurielian, Alexandru	31	Avner, Berthold	34	Avner, Mesalina	28
Avram, Saie	24	Bach, Juster Octav	24	Baculu, Ichil	33
Baculu, Miriam	01	Baculu, Sena Tivia	37	Banek, Jose'	20
Banek, Debora	50	Barber, Lita	21	Barber, Seigfried	37
Baron, Adolf Herbert	17	Baron, Gusta	41	Baron, Marcel	40
Baron, Richard	12	Bartfield, Martin	15	Baruch, Cecilia	31
Beer, Ionel	21	Beilich, Egon	17	Bercovici, Alfred	09
Bercovici, Cornel Adrian	02	Bercovici, Ignat	42	Bercovici, Ionia	33
Bercovici, Margareta	31	Bercu, Betty	26	Bercu, Josif	29
Berlandt, Eduard	57	Berlandt, Eliza	49	Berlandt, Lazar Luza	19
Berman, Fischi	29	Berry, Waldi	20	Binder, Josif	47
Binder, Marcu	14	Binderer, Leopold	23	Birnstein, M Samuel	22
Blanck, Osias	28	Blumenfeld, Leiba	27	Braun, Eugen	37
Braun, Judita	03	Braun, Maria	37	Brettschneider, Theo Benjamin	21
Breyer, Zoltan	39	Brill, Frieda	39	Brill, Marcel	39
Brill, Sonia	11	Bucspan, Grigore	54	Bucspanenta, Zlata	55
Butnaru, Elias	20	Butter, Alexandru	33	Butter, Bertina	27
Cahan, Ilie	22	Calihman, Avram	50	Calihman, Bela Liuba	45
Camerman, Solomon	23	Caneti, Virginia	35	Canetti, Isak	40
Canetti, Jose	07	Caufman, Saine	27	Chessel, Mordhai	27
Ciobataru, Alfred	34	Ciovanile, Jean Marcel	38	Clarfeld, Matte	41
Coganschi, Ana	17	Coganschi, Haia	45	Coganschi, Josif	57
Cohen, Bercu	12	Cohen, Simona	32	Cohn, Adolf	59
Cohn, David	21	Cohn, Giorgio	01	Cohn, Ionel	19
Cohn, J. Zalman	35	Cohn, Roza	59	Cohn, Toba	34
Coifman,Tauba Haia	54	Coifman, Strul	53	Cojocaru, Carol	19
Cornblut, Mauriciu	27	Cornblut, Zela	20	Cotingaru, Debora	23
Cotingaru, Lupu	24	Cottingaru, Debora	23	Cottingaru, Lupu	26
Dain, Haim Abraham	55	Dain, Olga	13	Dain, Sura	50
David, Rifca Alia Amilia	61	David, Etti	28	David, Stoliar	20
Davidovitch, Sofia	22	Diamant, Ghizela	33	Diamant,Micu	37
Diamant,Simona	08	Dichter, A Ionel	41	Ditz, Eugene	27
Draht, S Paul	40	Dulitchi, Rachil	40	Eckstein, Roza	22
Edelstein, Clara	29	Edelstein, Jean	25	Edelstein,Leon	32
Eisig, Louis	20	Eisig, Mircea	18	Elcovici, Naftuli	24
Elias, Barat	27	Elias,Avram Bernard	10	Elias, Josef	37
Elias, Medea	34	Elias, Roji	13	Elias, Sofia	21
Epstein, Matias	37	Epstein, Sara Rebecca	26	Erbst, Matei	21
Farchi, Henry	22	Fegler, Max	31	Feigenbaum, Elias	29
Feigenbaum, Liza	23	Feigenbaum, Ruhla	53	Feingold, Otto Jacques	21
Feld, Margareta	28	Feld, Nicolae	36	Feldman, Ester	40
Feldman, Isac	18	Feldstein, Avram	02	Feldstein, David	34
Feldstein, Ghenrich	31	Feldstein,Gheorge	23	Feldstein, Ghizela Luiza	28
Feldstein, Nelli	23	Feldstein,Robert	28	Feldstein, Rozica	23
Feldstein, Sure	33	Fell, Solomon	22	Feller, Gustav	29
Fischer, Jacob	40	Fischer, Lenea	35	Fischer, Rozica	44
Fischer, Rudi	16	Fischer, Silvia	18	Fischer, Zoltan	09
Fischman, Nisen	22	Fleischer,Ana	33	Fleischer, David	44
Fleischer, Malettta	36	Fleisher, Robert	08	Flinker, Claus Lola	15
Flinker, Jeanette	51	Flinker, Richard	17	Frangheim, Aron	17
Frenck, David	19	Frenck, Israel	25	Frenck, Tiwia	24
Friedman, Desideriu	42	Friedman, Ileana	19	Friedman, Nicolae	13
Friedman, Sofia	38	Fruchter,Isac	18	Fruchter, Jehuda	16
Fruchtman,Henriettte	26	Fruchtman,Solomon	27	Fuchs, Mauriciu	29
Galatan, Moisc	47	Galatan, Rosina	45	Galia, Jean Haralambie	22
Gartenberg, Arnold	33	Gartenberg, Felix	31	Gartenberg, Rifca	28
Gethel,Moritz	45	Ghefner, Emanuel	27	Ghelber, Heinrich	44
Ghelber, Leia Hude	39	Ghelberg, M Paul	18	Ghelman, Alexandru	28
Ghelman, Fania	21	Ghelman, Feiga Ganea	26	Ghelman,Moise	29
Ghenzer, Ernestine	39	Ghenzer, Magdalena	07	Ghetel, Basia Frieda	32
Ghettler, Josef	50	Ghettler, Lya	45	Ghettler, J Macas	19
Ghinsberg, Adrian	07	Ghinsberg,Evelina	32	Ghinsberg, Marcu	32
Girsch, Adalbert	38	Glaubse, J Emanuel	23	Glicman, Abram	48
Glicman, Eughenia	34	Glicman, Jacov	07	Glicman, Liza	70
Glicman, Rita	10	Gluckman, Alfred	30	Gluckman, Sophie	24
Goldenberg, Jassy	26	Goldenberg, Osias	24	Goldman, Alex	40
Goldman, Hans	04	Goldman, Rachela	07	Goldman, Turia	32
Goldstein, Ana	26	Goldstein, Armand	25	Goldstein, Eliazar	31
Goldstein,Moise Haim	19	Goldstein,Marcu	50	Goldstein,L Simon	40
Goldstein, Simon	41	Goldstein,Stefaina	29	Gornstein,Herman	30
Gottesman,Jacob	33	Gottlieb, Bronislawa	52	Gottlieb, Henry	54
Gottlieb, Paul Norbert	21	Gottlieb, Thea Ruth	19	Grammer, Josif	18
Granovschi, Ghers	30	Grief, Calman	24	Griefer, Marcel	22
Grinberg, Moritz	42	Grinberg, Stela	19	Grinberger,Adolf	19
Grobdrug, Alevai	22	Gross, Nora	26	Gross, Vistor Paul	16
Grossman, Marcel	20	Gruber, Isac	34	Gruehberg, Ferdinand	24
Gruenberg, Efraim	30	Gruenberg, Jean	21	Gruenberg, Wolfy	28
Gruenfeld, Laszlo	38	Grunberg, Gabriel	25	Grunberg, Irina	21
Grunberg, Otto	27	Grunsfeld, Eisig	30	Grupper,Filip	27
Grupper, Rachele	36	Guttermacher, Smil	21	Guttman, Adelina	25
Guttman, Alexander	27	Hafner, Lucy	20	Haim, Sabine	30
Haimovici, Carol	19	Haimovici, Vergil	30	Haltin, Ida	55
Haras, Sergiu	15	Hascolovici, Josif	26	Hascolovici, Rachela	30
Hascolovici,Sergiu	06	Hassan,Eduard	20	Hassan, Juditha	17
Hefter, Harry	21	Heimovici, Angelica	20	Heinis, Beris	21
Hellenbrandt, Louis	21	Heller,Bertha	36	Heller, Leon	46
Heller, Oswald	02	Heller, Pepi	54	Henic,Henic	22
Herovici, Theodor	21	Herscher,Malca	30	Herscher, Samuel	34
Herscobici,Sally	41	Herscovici, Edith	10	Herscovici, Harry	22
Herscovici,Marcel	44	Herscovici,Maximilian	39	Herscovici,Mosia	18
Herscu,Eva	35	Herscu, J Herscu	40	Herscu, Sofia	04
Hertzblut, Matilda	53	Highelman, Haim	18	Hirsch, Gabriela	02
Hirsch, Roza	34	Holici, Alfred	35	Holici, Jeanette	28
Hornstein, Carol	30	Horowitz, Daniel	19	Husin, Sali	28
Ianchelevici, Ety	10	Ianchelevici, Nisen	48	Ianchelevivi, Frieda	37
Iancu, Sofia	40	Ionas, Clara	25	Ionas, Cohn	21
Ionia, Josif	28	Iram, Haim	27	Istacescu, Adela	57
Istacescu, Alfred	08	Itic, Aurel	24	Itic, Avram	21
Iticovici, Adela	24	Iticovici, Adela	61	Iticovici, Corneliu	18
Iticsohn, Albert	22	Izsak, I Emeric	24	Jacobovici Fainaru, Pincu	46
Jancovici, Moritz	30	Jancu, Itic	68	Jancu, Moise	30
Javovici, Bernard	19	Jonas, Iancu	34	Josubas, Itic	32
Juster, Harry	20	Juster, Mircea	22	Kaffrisen, Marcu	27
Kahane, Julius	35	Kanna, Gustav	20	Kannik, Dr. Ernest	30
Kart, Armand	19	Katz, Friedrike	39	Katz, Sigmund	45
Katz, Zeilig	20	Kelen, Nikolae	38	Kelman, Matilda	20
Kesselbrenner, Ghittel	55	Klein, Herman	25	Klein, Josef	38
Kleinburg, Mandel	27	Koenigsberg, Berta	20	Koenigsberg, Fritz	18
Koenigsberg, Luisa	43	Koenigsberg, Osias	48	Korn, Malvina	20
Kothringer, Ilse	20	Kraus,Clara	30	Kraus, Marcel	37
Landau, Emil	31	Landau, Ruhla	30	Landau, Hortansa Silvia	33
Landman, Harry	33	Landman, Jose	10	Landman, Liza	36
Landman, Willy	39	Langenmass, Dwora	49	Langenmass, Ruth	17
Latarovici, Milu	18	Lauer, Adolf	33	Lazarescu, David	28
Lazarescu, Heinrich	30	Lazarescu, Hentia	21	Lazarescu, Paulina	29
Lazarovici, Renee	20	Lazarovicz, Severim	54	Lecker Leon Leib	34
Leibovici, Levinda Corneliu	40	Leibovici, Haia	38	Leibovici, Leib Itic	49
Leibovici, G Louis	27	Leibovici, Marcu	25	Leibovici, Simon	22
Leobovici, Basa	30	Leobovici, Salomon	37	Leon, Marcu	21
Leongiu, Eduard	08	Leongiu, Maguerita	10	Leongiu, Rica	31
Lewy, Haim	23	Liebovici, Heinrich	20	Liebovici, Jacob	27
Liebovici, Lizica Leoniu	44	Liebovici, Silviu Leoniu	51	Limbarski, Dora	54
Linbarski, David	57	Livovschi, Basia	60	Livovschi, Smil Wolf	69
Livowski, Sara	29	Lobel, Horia	30	Longiu, Armand	36
Lorin, Silviu	27	Lowenstein, Carol	18	Lucian, Mayer	32
Lucian, Julian Meyer	08	Lucian, Chena Meyer	31	Ludovic, Eduard	39
Ludovic, Emanuel	36	Lupovici, Blima	26	Lupovici, Smil	27
Lupu, Bertina	22	Lupu, Itrul	29	Madger, Edmond	50
Magazanik, Ofsci	67	Maier, M Avram	30	Maier, M Fani	24
Maler, Ladislau	22	Mandel, Jacob	16	Manole, Lazar	22
Marcovici, Henry	20	Marcovici, Moise	26	Marcu, Luzetta	24
Marcu, Sabrina	22	Marcus, Ana	32	Marcus, Aneta	41
Marcus, Avram	28	Marcus, Cilja	21	Marcus, Ivette	07
Marcus, Leon	29	Marcus, H Lupu	42	Marcus, Malvina	21
Marcus, Marga	13	Marcus, Mendel	69	Marcus, Roza	52
Margimlius, Margerita	18	Margulius, Aurel	23	Margulius, Efraim	35
Margulius, Evel	25	Margulius, Harry	20	Matters, Lazar	29
Maximilian, Apogi	20	Mayer, Artur	32	Mayer, Silvia	20
Mayersohn, Hana	40	Mayersohn, Henry	43	Mayerson, Ana	36
Meerlaub, Moritz	37	Mendelovici, Clara	45	Mendelsohn, Eduard	29
Mihailovici, Dorel	17	Mihalovici, Alrenscu	45	Mihalovici, Frima	40
Mindirigiu, Machum Naftali	41	Mindirigiu, Avica Nachum	35	Mitrani, Jonel	24
Moise, J Ciprut	29	Moisescu, Frusina	38	Moisescu, Joseif	44
Moisescu, Mircea	10	Moisescu, Nelu	13	Monblatt, Samuel	19
Muller, Mintea	29	Munteanu, Victor	26	Nachim, Clara	27
Nachim, Josub	38	Nachim, B Nuna	02	Nachman, Estera	35
Nachman, Lupu	39	Nachman, Mauriciu	21	Nacht, Oscar	34
Nadler, Albert	30	Nadler, Josef	26	Nadler, N Marcel	33
Nadler, Roza	19	Nagi, Mauriciu	16	Nathansohn, Sami	29
Nauman, Solomon	28